Great points. It's bewildering to try to understand Villa's inability to adapt in 1914 and 1915--especially as he began to suffer defeat after defeat to Obregón and Calles. I think this aspect of his leadership underscores his intense stubbornness. Despite his respect for advisors like Felipe Angeles, he falied to listen to them when it would have really mattered.

What do you think of his attack on Columbus? How did that fit into his military strategy? Although some historians have argued that Villa had no strategy by 1916, I don't think that's quite true.